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Credit: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5IypXnjHok

New breakthroughs inch humanity closer to the goal of a longer lifespan

April 21, 2021

A multi-disciplinary research team is using artificial intelligence (AI) to drastically reduce the time it takes to develop drugs.
Longevity is looking more like an attainable and realistic goal as scientists make fascinating new breakthroughs.
Recent studies have identified compounds that could help alleviate the diseases of aging and regenerate lost organs.

New methods and studies are pushing longevity research years ahead and bringing us closer to defeating aging. Celeris Therapeutics is an Austria-based startup that is using AI to accelerate the development of longevity drugs. It comprises an international research team that includes computer scientists, theoretical physicists, and medicinal chemists. The company recently secured €400,000 funding from LongevityTech.Fund to develop its Celeris One platform that targets different stages of the drug discovery process. Using deep learning and other innovative computer methods, the team hopes to achieve in one year what used to take 15 years of drug development time. A new study released by scientists from Kyoto University and the University of Fukui in Japan demonstrated that lost teeth could be regenerated. Experimenting with mice, the researchers used an antibody to disrupt the interaction of a gene that has been previously associated with teeth growth. A single administration with the antibody was enough to regenerate a whole tooth in mice. The team is now considering moving on to pigs and dogs. While more research is needed before actionable conclusions can be drawn, the Japanese team’s work offers hope that regrowing teeth in adults may be possible. About 1 percent of the global population has fewer or more than the normal 32 teeth due to congenital conditions. A study published in Nature Biomedical Engineering in March 2021 found that human muscle tissue could be cultivated in pig embryos. Unlike other organs, muscle tissues cannot be transplanted from deceased donors. People whose muscles have been damaged beyond repair as a result of accidents or surgical removal of tumors cannot be treated (and are thus left with lifelong disabilities). Researchers from the University of Minnesota used CRISPR to delete the gene responsible for muscle development in pigs. They then injected pluripotent human stem cells or embryonic cells from species related to pigs. Pig embryos that were injected with embryonic cells from relative species developed into absolutely normal piglets. Those that were injected with stem cells developed human muscle tissue within 4 weeks of incubation. The researchers noted that the muscles developed were only located where muscle tissue should be. While past studies had proved it was possible to grow human-pig embryos, this was the first to cultivate human muscle tissue. The University of Minnesota team hopes that within the next 3-5 years, it may be possible to start clinical trials with pig grown human tissue to help people who need muscle transplants. Another team of researchers based in the US demonstrated that NAD+ supplementation could help alleviate symptoms of a premature aging disease known as ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T). The study – published in March 2021 – was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health. A-T is a disorder caused by a gene mutation. Patients show premature aging symptoms like cognitive decline, motor dysfunction, immune deficiency, cancer predisposition, and more. NAD+ is a helper molecule that takes part in countless cellular processes. Its levels decline steadily during aging. While NAD+ depletion isn’t the primary cause of A-T, experiments with mice showed that replenishing its levels could help reduce symptoms of this disease. More research however needs to be done because young control mice seemed to experience inflammation and DNA breakage with the same treatment. This could suggest that too much NAD+ might be bad and the researchers aren’t sure yet whether supplementation in young human beings is advisable. A South Korean research team recently identified a method to stop the proliferation of cancer cells. Much of the danger of cancer comes from its uncontrolled ability to grow and spread throughout the body. The Korean scientists investigated whether it was possible to prevent this proliferation by forcing cancer cells to differentiate. Examining a colorectal cancer cell culture, the researchers removed a component known as SETDB2 that is known to suppress cell differentiation factors. The study demonstrated that cancer cells could be forced to differentiate so that they behave (more or less) like normal somatic cells that do not divide further. The ability of cancer to spread was massively reduced. The team hopes that this method may one day be used as a therapeutic tool for colorectal and other types of cancer. Multiple other studies are going on in different parts of the world as scientists work to beat the most debilitating condition known to humans: aging. There is a real possibility that clinical anti-aging treatments will be available within the next 20 years or less.

References: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I5IypXnjHok

New breakthroughs inch humanity closer to the goal of a longer lifespan

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