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Numerous modern studies unlocking secrets to health and longevity

March 26, 2021

Researchers are making massive progress in understanding compounds and genes that impact cellular aging.
New research looking outside biology has identified behavioral and social factors that have implications for aging and longevity.
Scientists have evaluated whether memories can be passed down from one generation to the other, and whether this could have any connection to mental wellbeing.

The search for longevity has relented for thousands of years, but scientific research conducted over the last few decades offers increased hope for this timeless quest. Researchers are particularly making strides in revealing compounds and genes that are associated with cellular aging. A new study conducted by Dr. João Pedro de Magalhães and his team at the University of Liverpool resulted in the creation of the CellAge database. This is a publicly accessible data store containing information on 279 genes that are linked to cellular deterioration with age. Other studies have been able to manipulate the lifespan of model organisms in a number of ways, ranging from dietary to pharmacological interventions. Thanks to these efforts, the number of compounds proved to impact longevity has increased from around 300 in 2005 to about 2000 in 2020. While many of these compounds have been discovered using animal model studies, numerous longevity-focused companies have mushroomed and clinical trials have already begun. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is a tiny part of the brain inside the hypothalamus. The most important master clock, it regulates the body’s circadian rhythms such as the sleep-wake cycle. Increasing age in humans tends to disorganize the circadian clock and leads to various problems, including dysregulated cell division. Studies conducted in model animals have shown that repairing or replacing damaged SCN can lead to lifespan gains up to 12 percent. A paper published by Victor Björk – a longevity researcher – argues that aging of the SCN should be regarded as a major disease affecting the whole body and treated as such. Fibrosis (development of connective tissue) is a repair mechanism that is normally beneficial. As we age, however, our regenerative abilities falter and fibrosis sometimes runs off the tracks. In 2020, doctors found that severe COVID-19 showed similar symptoms to a type of fibrotic disease known as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. A recently completed Lancet study suggests that these two diseases may also share a treatment. Studies have established that administering a type of protein known as SIRT3 reversed persistent lung fibrosis in aged mice. While more research may need to be done, this study improves understanding of fibrosis and confirms the importance of SIRT3 for various aging processes. Most aging studies are entirely focused on biology, but scientists are now expanding their field of view to explore all options. Recent studies published by members of the National Academy of Medicine have already emphasized the importance of behavioral and social science in understanding aging and longevity. Factors such as early life adversity, stress, personality traits, intelligence, psychiatric history, loneliness, social connection, and purpose in life are connected to a variety of late-life health outcomes. One study focused on Americans over 56 years old identified the five social hallmarks for poor health outcomes. These include low lifetime socioeconomic status, adverse health behaviors such as smoking, adversity in childhood and adulthood, being a member of a minority group, and adverse psychological states such as depression. “Variability in human aging is strongly related to social determinants of aging,” said Eileen Crimmins, a University of South California Professor and AARP Chair. More investigation is however needed to better understand social factors driving aging and identify potential interventions. According to the World Health Organization, hundreds of millions of people worldwide suffer from mental disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, dementia, and schizophrenia. Scientists have been looking at the possibility that ancestral memories might be passed on from one generation to another. This however doesn’t imply that you could inherit actual memories from your parents. For memories to be passed down the generations, they must be stored as physical structures in the brain known as engrams. Intriguing research has shown that mice exposed to a frightening stimulus they have never encountered before were more scared of the stimulus if their parents had been exposed to the same trauma. The research suggests that the mechanism behind this phenomenon is epigenetic in nature. More research — however — needs to be carried out to better understand applicability in human beings and identify possible interventions for mental health. A growing body of research in gerontology and health science points to improved lifespan in the foreseeable future. Already, recent forecasts by the US Social Security Administration put life expectance in 2050 at 77.5 years for men and 82.9 years for women (compared to 75.1 for men and 80.5 for women in 2020).

References: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpc3D0gQcHY

Numerous modern studies unlocking secrets to health and longevity

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