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Credit: https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/how-to-speed-up-muscle-repair
Stem cell approach might be the answer to regenerating aging muscle
April 26, 2021
- A new study has shown that triggering different epigenetic mechanisms in pluripotent stem cells could lead to accelerated muscle growth.
- The study also involved researching drugs that could potentially stimulate and accelerate muscle growth at different stages of differentiation.
- These findings mean that a stem-cell-based approach could be best suited for regenerating muscle among the elderly.
A study spearheaded by a team of researchers at the University of California San Diego (Jacobs School of Engineering) has revealed a deeper insight into the process of creating therapies that are related to muscle disease, injury, and atrophy.
Published in the journal, Science Advances, the findings study how different pluripotent stem cell lines create muscle; and how epigenetic mechanisms can be triggered to increase muscle cell growth during the different stages of stem cell differentiation.
The team utilized three different human-induced pluripotent stem cell lines and studied how they differentiate into muscle cells.
“Stem cell-based approaches that have the potential to aid muscle regeneration and growth would improve the quality of life for many people, from children who are born with congenital muscle disease to people who are losing muscle mass and strength due to aging. Here, we have discovered that specific factors and mechanisms can be triggered by external means to favor rapid growth, ” said the lead corresponding author of the study, Shankar Subramaniam—who is also a distinguished professor of bioengineering at the university.
Out of the three, one cell line developed into muscle the fastest. The researchers analyzed what factors made this line develop faster than the rest, and then induced these factors into the other lines to see whether they were capable of accelerating muscle growth. They discovered that triggering several epigenetic mechanisms at different times sped up muscle growth in the slower pluripotent stem cell lines.
Some of the mechanisms included inhibiting a gene by the name ZIC3 during the completion of differentiation, and then followed by adding the proteins called beta-catenin transcriptional cofactors during the growth process.
A key feature the researchers deduced from this study is that all pluripotent stem cells do not possess the same capacity to regenerate, and so, identifying factors that will ready these cells for specific regeneration will be momentous in the study of regenerative medicine.
The team also studied therapeutic intervention; including drugs that can stimulate and accelerate muscle growth at different stages of differentiation when it comes to human-induced pluripotent stem cells.
The main objective of the scientists is to see whether such a stem cell-based approach could be the key to regenerating aging muscles in human beings.
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